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''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' was the lead ship of the her class of armored cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy (''Regia Marina'') in the 1890s. The ship often served as a flagship and made several deployments to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant during her career. At the beginning of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 she bombarded Tripoli. ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' bombarded Beirut in early 1912 and sank an Ottoman ironclad there. Several months later she bombarded the defenses of the Dardanelles. The ship spent several months deployed to Albania after the end of the First Balkan War in 1913 to protect Italian interests there. ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' was sunk by an Austro-Hungarian submarine in the Adriatic Sea shortly after Italy declared war on the Central Powers in 1915 with the loss of 53 crewmen. Her wreck was discovered in 2008 and has been examined by underwater archaeologists in subsequent years. ==Design and description== ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' had an overall length of , a beam of and a deep draft (ship) of . She displaced at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam from 24 coal-fired Niclausse boilers.〔 The engines were rated and designed to give a speed of approximately . During her sea trials on 7 September 1900, ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' failed to reach her designed speed, reaching from .〔Steam Trials–Italy, p. 136〕 She had a cruising range of at . Her complement ordinarily consisted of 555 officers and enlisted men and 578 when acting as a flagship.〔Freivogel, p. 43〕 Her main armament consisted of one gun in a turret forward of the superstructure and two guns in a twin turret aft. Ten of the guns that comprised her secondary armament were arranged in casemates amidships; the remaining four 152-millimeter guns were mounted on the upper deck. ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' also had ten and six guns to defend herself against torpedo boats. She was fitted with four single torpedo tubes.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 351〕 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of amidships and tapered to towards the ends of the ship. The conning tower, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor. Her protective deck armour was thick and the 152-millimeter guns on the upper deck were protected by gun shields thick.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi (1899)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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